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The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation. Penrose shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity". [1]
He has received several prizes and awards, including the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics, which he shared with Stephen Hawking for the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems, [6] and the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity".
Conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC) is a cosmological model in the framework of general relativity and proposed by theoretical physicist Roger Penrose. [1] [2] [3] In CCC, the universe iterates through infinite cycles, with the future timelike infinity (i.e. the latest end of any possible timescale evaluated for any point in space) of each previous iteration being identified with the Big Bang ...
Hawking star, a theoretical type of star with a black hole core, named in honour of Hawking, for his conceptualization of the primordial black hole type, which forms the core of this star type. [5] [6] [7] Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems for predicting when singularities occur, named after Roger Penrose and Stephen Hawking. [8]
The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems define a singularity to have geodesics that cannot be extended in a smooth manner. [6] The termination of such a geodesic is considered to be the singularity. Modern theory asserts that the initial state of the universe, at the beginning of the Big Bang, was a singularity.
Hawking's scientific works included a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation. Initially, Hawking radiation was controversial.
Roger Penrose first formulated the cosmic censorship hypothesis in 1969. The hypothesis was first formulated by Roger Penrose in 1969, [ 2 ] and it is not stated in a completely formal way. In a sense it is more of a research program proposal: part of the research is to find a proper formal statement that is physically reasonable, falsifiable ...
According to the mathematical physicist John Baez from the University of California, Riverside, The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time was "the first book to provide a detailed description of the revolutionary topological methods introduced by Penrose and Hawking in the early seventies." [4]