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Textile fibers, threads, yarns and fabrics are measured in a multiplicity of units.. A fiber, a single filament of natural material, such as cotton, linen or wool, or artificial material such as nylon, polyester, metal or mineral fiber, or human-made cellulosic fibre like viscose, Modal, Lyocell or other rayon fiber is measured in terms of linear mass density, the weight of a given length of ...
As a spinner spins, they will often stop every few minutes to check to see that the number of twists per inch is the same throughout the yarn, as well as that the number of wraps per inch (the thickness of the yarn) is the same. Measuring the number of twists per inch while spinning singles also helps the spinner create a balanced yarn when ...
In textile spinning, yarn realisation (YR), or yarn recovery, is an operational parameter of yarn manufacturing. It is the percentage conversion of raw material to finished yarn . The rest of the waste fibers with less value are compared to the weight of the produced yarn from a given weight of raw material.
Tenacity is the customary measure of strength of a fiber or yarn. It is usually defined as the ultimate (breaking) force of the fiber (in gram -force units) divided by the denier . Because denier is a measure of the linear density, the tenacity works out to be not a measure of force per unit area, but rather a quasi-dimensionless measure ...
In a yarn, moisture content is the moisture present in the yarn, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the yarn. Moisture content is one of the most important tests on a yarn; [9] a fiber's moisture content will affect the entire manufacturing process, as it affects the physical properties of a material. For instance, during yarn ...
A way of determining the weight of an unknown yarn is to use the wrapping method. This method is also used to calculate the amount of yarn needed for a project. By this method it is possible to check an unknown weight of yarn with a regular pencil and ruler [3] without unwinding the yarn. Simply slip the pencil under approximately an inch of ...
Yarn is selected for different textiles based on the characteristics of the yarn fibres, such as warmth (wool), light weight (cotton or rayon), durability (nylon is added to sock yarn, for example), or softness (cashmere, alpaca). Yarn is composed of twisted strands of fiber, which are known as plies when grouped together. [19]
Young's modulus is the slope of the linear part of the stress–strain curve for a material under tension or compression.. Young's modulus (or Young modulus) is a mechanical property of solid materials that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness when the force is applied lengthwise.