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Sparta (Greek: Σπάρτη, Spárti) is a city and municipality in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece. It lies at the site of ancient Sparta within the Evrotas Valley . The municipality was merged with six nearby municipalities in 2011, for a total population (as of 2021) of 32,786, of whom 17,773 lived in the city.
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Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the Eurotas, the largest river of Laconia, which provided it with a source of fresh water. The Eurotas valley was a natural fortress, bounded to the west by Mt. Taygetus (2,407 m) and to the east by Mt. Parnon (1,935 m). To the north, Laconia is separated from Arcadia by hilly uplands reaching 1000 m in ...
At the end of the Mycenean period, the population of Laconia sharply declined. [14] In classical Greece, Laconia was Spartan territory but from the 4th century BC onward Sparta lost control of various ports, towns and areas. [15] [16] From the mid-2nd century BC until 395 AD, Laconia was a part of the Roman Empire.
After the re-establishment of a Byzantine presence in Laconia and the start of warfare between the Byzantines and the Achaeans in 1263, however, most of the inhabitants fled to Mistra. [2] Between 1270 and 1272, Lacedaemon fell to the Byzantines, and in 1278, the last Catholic bishop, Aimon, was moved to the see of Koroni . [ 5 ]
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The Achaean League retaliated and attacked Las and Sparta. Following the dissolution of the Achaean League in 146 BC, the Eleutherolakōnes joined the Lacedaemonian League ( κοινὸν τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ), a koinon of Spartan colonies under Roman rule, until Emperor Augustus re-established the League of Free Laconians in 21 BC.
Sparta thus exhibited the military efficiency, the thorough organization and the patriotic sacrifice of the individual to the state characteristic of Nordics everywhere and exemplified in modern Prussia, while Athens exhibited the intellectual brilliancy, the instability, the extreme individualism, the tendency to treason and conspiracy so ...