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A systematic review of fourteen distinct re-identification attacks found "a high re-identification rate […] dominated by small-scale studies on data that was not de-identified according to existing standards". [6] De-identification is adopted as one of the main approaches toward data privacy protection. [7]
The de-identification process involves masking, generalizing or deleting both direct and indirect identifiers; the definition of this process is not universal. Information in the public domain , even seemingly anonymized, may thus be re-identified in combination with other pieces of available data and basic computer science techniques.
This is because too much statistical utility is lost in doing so, not because the data cannot be identified. For example, given prior knowledge of a few attendance dates it is easy to identify someone's data in a pseudonymized dataset by selecting only those people with that pattern of dates. This is an example of an inference attack.
By contrast, an out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify. People may for example identify with their peer group, family, community, sports team, political party, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or nation. It has been found that the psychological membership of social groups and categories is associated with a ...
In statistics, identifiability is a property which a model must satisfy for precise inference to be possible. A model is identifiable if it is theoretically possible to learn the true values of this model's underlying parameters after obtaining an infinite number of observations from it.
• Fake email addresses - Malicious actors sometimes send from email addresses made to look like an official email address but in fact is missing a letter(s), misspelled, replaces a letter with a lookalike number (e.g. “O” and “0”), or originates from free email services that would not be used for official communications.
A pseudonym (/ ˈ sj uː d ə n ɪ m /; from Ancient Greek ψευδώνυμος (pseudṓnumos) 'lit. falsely named') or alias (/ ˈ eɪ l i. ə s /) is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true meaning ().
The cause of Dunne's death could not be determined, according to the county medical examiner's office. Remains found at base of Flagstaff's Mount Elden identified as man reported missing in 2017 ...