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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity). [ 1 ] PDT is used in treating acne , wet age-related macular degeneration , psoriasis , and herpes .
Schematic representation of the mechanism of (a) photopharmacology (b) photodynamic therapy, and (c) optogenetics. The discovery of natural photoreceptors such as rhodopsins in the eye inspired the biomedical and pharmacology research community to engineer light-sensitive proteins for therapeutic applications. [2]
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
Dental infections tend to also respond better to photothermal therapy than photodynamic therapy, though both have a strong effect. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The efficacy of PDT for antimicrobial usage is limited by the properties of the membrane of the target cell such as the electrical gradient ( membrane potential ) and lipid composition.
While blue light therapy has similar mechanisms for skin enhancement as red light therapy, its usage for photodynamic therapies in treating cancer are slightly different. Blue light therapy stimulates immune system defences, destroys blood vessels that help cancer cells grow, and causes cell death by reacting with oxygen. [ 16 ]
Current Eye Research is a medical journal covering all areas of ophthalmology. Areas covered include: clinical research, anatomy, physiology, biophysics, biochemistry ...
The efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, using various distinct photosensitizers, has been studied since the 1990s. [ 9 ] [ 7 ] Most studies have yielded positive outcomes, often achieving disinfection levels, as defined by infection control guidelines, exceeding 5 log 10 (99.999%) of microbial inactivation. [ 14 ]
In the wet form, anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injected into the eye or, less commonly, laser coagulation or photodynamic therapy may slow worsening. [1] Dietary antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids do not appear to affect the onset; [5] however, dietary supplements may slow the progression in those who already have the ...