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In theory, slavery in Islamic law does not have a racial or color component, although this has not always been the case in practice. [12] Slaves played various social and economic roles, from domestic worker to high-ranking positions in the government. Moreover, slaves were widely employed in irrigation, mining, pastoralism, and the army. [13]
In 2003, Shaykh Saleh Al-Fawzan, a member of Saudi Arabia's highest religious body, the Senior Council of Clerics, issued a fatwa claiming "Slavery is a part of Islam. Slavery is part of jihad, and jihad will remain as long there is Islam." [284] Muslim scholars who said otherwise were "infidels". In 2016, Shaykh al-Fawzan responded to a ...
Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate was based on the Islamic law regarding slavery developed during the preceding period as the life and example of Muhammed and his followers, which became the role model and tradition of chattel slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate and the following Caliphate.
In Islam, according to Paul Lovejoy, "the religious requirement that new slaves be pagans and need for continued imports to maintain slave population made Africa an important source of slaves for the Islamic world." [122] Slavery of non-Muslims, followed by the structured process of converting them to Islam then encouraging the freeing of the ...
In Islamic law, a mukataba (مكاتبة) is a contract of manumission between a master and a slave according to which the slave is required to pay a certain sum of money during a specific time period in exchange for freedom. In the legal literature, slaves who enter this contract are known as mukatab.
There was a dimension of racism in the slavery of the Abbasid Caliphate. Since all non-Muslims not living under Islamic rule were considered a legitimate target of enslavement by Islamic law, the slaves in the Caliphate could be of many different races. However, this did not prevent a racist component of slavery.
Nonetheless, a minority of contemporary Islamic jurists defend slavery by arguing that it is still relevant and permissible today, and it is actively practiced by Islamist extremist groups, such as Boko Haram in northern Nigeria and Islamic State in parts of Syria and Iraq.
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, [7] with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. [8] However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal.