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The origins of the first ratlines are connected to various developments in Vatican-Argentine relations before and during World War II. [7] As early as 1942, the Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Luigi Maglione – evidently at the behest of Pope Pius XII – contacted an ambassador of Argentina regarding that country's willingness to accept European Catholic immigrants in a timely manner ...
ODESSA is an American codename (from the German: Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Nazi underground escape-plans made at the end of World War II by a group of SS officers with the aim of facilitating secret escape routes, and any directly ensuing arrangements.
Riot Act - A mod set in the Half-Life 2 universe, following a member of the civilian resistance on their escape from the Combine prison at Nova Prospekt. [23] A screenshot from The Stanley Parable, taken from the full game. The Stanley Parable - An interactive fiction modification, with multiple endings depending on decisions made by the player.
After World War II, under Juan Perón's administration, Argentina participated in establishing and facilitating secret escape routes out of Germany to South America for ex-SS officials. [12] Former Nazi officials emigrated to United States, Russia and Argentina , among others, in order to prevent prosecution.
[citation needed] On 30 May 1948, he escaped to Italy with his colleague from Sobibor, SS sergeant Gustav Wagner. Austrian Roman Catholic Bishop Alois Hudal, a Nazi sympathizer, who would be forced to resign by the Vatican in 1952, helped Stangl to escape through a "ratline", and he reached Syria using a Red Cross passport.
Krunoslav Stjepan Draganović (30 October 1903 – 5 July 1983) was a Bosnian Croat Catholic priest associated with the ratlines which aided the escape of Ustaše war criminals from Europe after World War II while he was living and working at the College of St. Jerome in Rome. [1]
Escape About that. Immortalized in a book and then a film of the same name, what became known as the “The Great Escape” wasn’t even the first breakout at Stalag Luft III.
Ratline or ratlines may also refer to: Ratlines (World War II), escape routes for Nazi fugitives; The Ratline, a 2020 book by Philippe Sands; Ratline, ...