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APL (named after the book A Programming Language) [3] is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array . It uses a large range of special graphic symbols [ 4 ] to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code.
In APL the precedence hierarchy for functions or operators is strictly positional: expressions are evaluated right-to-left. APL does not follow the usual operator precedence of other programming languages; for example, × does not bind its operands any more "tightly" than +. Instead of operator precedence, APL defines a notion of scope.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; ... APL (programming language) A. A+ (programming language) Ampere WS-1; APL syntax and ...
The programming language APL uses a number of symbols, rather than words from natural language, to identify operations, similarly to mathematical symbols.Prior to the wide adoption of Unicode, a number of special-purpose EBCDIC and non-EBCDIC code pages were used to represent the symbols required for writing APL.
Kenneth Eugene Iverson (17 December 1920 – 19 October 2004) was a Canadian computer scientist noted for the development of the programming language APL.He was honored with the Turing Award in 1979 "for his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as APL; for his contributions to the implementation of interactive ...
The algorithm works by sorting the rows individually ({⍵ [⍋ ⍵]} ⍤ 1 ⊢ a), and these sorted rows are used as keys ("signature" in the Programming Pearls description) to the key operator ⌸ to group the rows of the matrix. [9]: §3.3 The expression on the right is a train, a syntactic form employed by APL to achieve tacit programming.
The APL Character Set for Workspace Interchange, registered for use with ISO/IEC 2022 as ISO-IR-68, [1] is a character set developed by the APL Working Group of the Canadian Standards Association. [2]
The concept of a one-liner program has been known since the 1960s [1] with the release of the APL programming language. With its terse syntax and powerful mathematical operators, APL allowed useful programs to be represented in a few symbols. In the 1970s, one-liners became associated with the rise of the home computer and BASIC.