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The water-water energetic reactor (WWER), [1] or VVER (from Russian: водо-водяной энергетический реактор; transliterates as vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor; water-water power reactor) is a series of pressurized water reactor designs originally developed in the Soviet Union, and now Russia, by OKB Gidropress. [2]
It would use VVER-1300/510 water pressurized reactors constructed to meet modern nuclear and radiation safety requirements. The VVER-TOI project is developed on the basis of the design documents worked out for AES-2006, considering the experience gained in development of projects based on VVER technology both in Russia and abroad, such as ...
VVER is the Soviet designation for a pressurized water reactor.The number following VVER, in this case 440, represents the power output of the original design. The VVER-440 Model V213 was a product of the first uniform safety requirements drawn up by the Soviet designers.
Most units use VVER pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology supplied from Russia. The first four units are Russian standard reactors of type VVER-1000, and have capacity approximately 1 GW. Units 5 and 6 are Chinese-designed ACPR-1000 reactors, with a traditional 3-loop system. Units 7 and 8 will use the updated VVER-1200 design capable of ...
The reactor could be used on a 200–500 MW barge that is expected to be completed by 2030. [2] The reactor has been proposed for use in water desalination, district heating and/or electrical generation. The VBER-300 would use VVER-type fuel. It was developed by OKBM Afrikantov in cooperation with Kurchatov Institute.
The four power reactors are pressurized water reactors of the Soviet VVER-440 design. Annual electricity generation averages about 12,000 GWh. Upon development of a district heating supply network in the town of Trnava near Bohunice NPP, V2 switched to co-generation. Part of this system is a heat feeder line commissioned in 1987.
The nuclear plant has six Soviet-designed VVER-1000 V-320 water-cooled and water-moderated reactors containing Uranium 235, and also has spent nuclear fuel at the facility.
The Russian VVER-1000 design is mostly the same as other modern PWRs in regards to containment, as it is a PWR itself. However, the VVER-440-type has a significantly more vulnerable containment, in the form of a so-called bubble condensor with relatively low design pressure.