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Phonics is a method for teaching reading and writing to beginners. To use phonics is to teach the relationship between the sounds of the spoken language , and the letters or groups of letters or syllables of the written language. Phonics is also known as the alphabetic principle or the alphabetic code. [1]
Synthetic phonics, also known as blended phonics or inductive phonics, [1] is a method of teaching English reading which first teaches letter-sounds (grapheme/phoneme correspondences) and then how to blend (synthesise) these sounds to achieve full pronunciation of whole words.
The Institute of Education Sciences (the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education), describes the approach as follows: "Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels.
Analytic phonics (sometimes referred to as analytical phonics [1] or implicit phonics [2]) refers to a very common approach to the teaching of reading that starts at the word level, not at the sound level. It does not teach the blending of sounds together as is done in synthetic phonics. One method is to have students identify a common sound in ...
[3] [4] Though the I.T.A. was not originally intended to dictate one particular approach to teaching reading, it was often identified with phonics methods, and after the 1960s, the pendulum of educational theory swung away from phonics. The ITA was very rarely used by the 1970s.
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.