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The Lower Paleolithic period lasted over 3 million years, during which there many human-like species evolved including toward the end of this period, Homo sapiens.The original divergence between humans and chimpanzees occurred 13 (), however interbreeding continued until as recently as 4 Ma, with the first species clearly belonging to the human (and not chimpanzee) lineage being ...
1380: Madhava of Sangamagrama discovers the most precise estimate of π in the medieval world through his infinite series, a strict inequality with uncertainty 3e-13. 15th century: Parameshvara discovers a formula for the circumradius of a quadrilateral. [114] 1480: Madhava of Sangamagrama found pi and that it was infinite.
A study of 25 crowdsourced ideas aimed at reducing political polarisation in the United States is published in the journal Science. [450] Scientists build the world's smallest quantum computer using a single photon. [451] [452] 19 October – Researchers develop a plant-based food supplement to protect bees' brains from neurotoxins. [453] 23 ...
DeepMind used artificial intelligence for the first time to predict protein folding. [1]Singapore became the first jurisdiction to approve the sale of cultured meat. [2]The vaccines produced by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna against Coronavirus disease 2019 became the first vaccines developed using messenger RNA [3] and mark the fastest vaccine development and approval, taking only 10 months.
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics.
The history of science is often seen as a linear story of progress [27] but historians have come to see the story as more complex. [28] [29] [30] Alfred Edward Taylor has characterised lean periods in the advance of scientific discovery as "periodical bankruptcies of science". [31] Science is a human activity, and scientific contributions have ...
Merton believed that it is multiple discoveries, rather than unique ones, that represent the common pattern in science. [4] Merton contrasted a "multiple" with a "singleton"—a discovery that has been made uniquely by a single scientist or group of scientists working together. [5] The distinction may blur as science becomes increasingly ...
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.