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The Vortec 5700 L31 (VIN code "R") is a 5.7L V8 truck engine. It is Chevrolet's last production first-generation small-block. The cylinder heads feature combustion chambers and intake ports very similar to those of the LT1 V8, but lacking the LT1's reverse-flow cooling and higher compression.
A flow bench is one of the primary tools of high performance engine builders, and porting cylinder heads would be strictly hit or miss without it. A flow bench consists of an air pump of some sort, a metering element, pressure and temperature measuring instruments such as manometers, and various controls. The test piece is attached in series ...
The LS is has many similarities with the SBF: identical cylinder head bolt pattern (vastly different from the 5-bolt SBC pattern), symmetrical intake AND exhaust port layout, nearly identical (high) camshaft position in the block, virtually the same deck height as the 351C.
The main advantage of the reverse-flow cylinder head is that both the entering inlet charge and the exiting exhaust gas cause a tendency to swirl in the same direction in the combustion chamber. [1] In a crossflow head the inlet and exhaust gases promote swirl in opposite directions so that during overlap the swirl changes directions.
The head used during this time was the so-called "rectangle port", named after its exhaust port shape. The 290 heads use smaller valves, 1.787 in (45.4 mm) intake and 1.406 in (35.7 mm) exhaust, corresponding with its small bore. The 343 and the AMX 390 use the same larger valve heads, 2.025 in (51.4 mm) intake and 1.625 in (41.3 mm) exhaust.
A crossflow head gives better performance than a Reverse-flow cylinder head (though not as good as a uniflow), but the popular explanation put forward for this — that the gases do not have to change direction and hence are moved into and out of the cylinder more efficiently — is a simplification since there is no continuous flow because of valve opening and closing.