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Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) is a free and open-source cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data. It is useful in developing programs that communicate with each other over a network or for storing data.
Flow diagram. In computing, serialization (or serialisation, also referred to as pickling in Python) is the process of translating a data structure or object state into a format that can be stored (e.g. files in secondary storage devices, data buffers in primary storage devices) or transmitted (e.g. data streams over computer networks) and reconstructed later (possibly in a different computer ...
Comma-separated values (CSV) RFC author: Yakov Shafranovich — Myriad informal variants RFC 4180 (among others) No Yes No No No No Common Data Representation (CDR) Object Management Group — Yes General Inter-ORB Protocol: Yes No Yes Yes Ada, C, C++, Java, Cobol, Lisp, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk — D-Bus Message Protocol freedesktop.org — Yes ...
Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that uses commas to separate values, and newlines to separate records. A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where each line of the file typically represents one data record. Each record consists of the same number of fields, and these are separated by commas in the ...
where a is an array object, the function randomInt(x) chooses a random integer between 1 and x, inclusive, and swapEntries(i, j) swaps the ith and jth entries in the array. In the preceding example, 52 and 53 are magic numbers, also not clearly related to each other. It is considered better programming style to write the following:
YAML (/ ˈ j æ m əl /, rhymes with camel [4]) was first proposed by Clark Evans in 2001, [15] who designed it together with Ingy döt Net [16] and Oren Ben-Kiki. [16]Originally YAML was said to mean Yet Another Markup Language, [17] because it was released in an era that saw a proliferation of markup languages for presentation and connectivity (HTML, XML, SGML, etc.).
String: a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters. Strings are delimited with double quotation marks and support a backslash escaping syntax. Boolean: either of the values true or false; Array: an ordered list of zero or more elements, each of which may be of any type. Arrays use square bracket notation with comma-separated elements.
The arrays are heterogeneous: a single array can have keys of different types. PHP's associative arrays can be used to represent trees, lists, stacks, queues, and other common data structures not built into PHP. An associative array can be declared using the following syntax: