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Tiribazus reportedly knew Orontes from his early days in Armenia, where he had served as the hyparch of its western part till 395 BC. [2] [6] By 382 BC, preparations for the campaign had been made, with a battle taking place the following year near the Cyprian city of Kition, where the Persians emerged victorious due to their larger fleet ...
The Herakleia head, probable portrait of a Persian (Achaemenid) Empire Satrap of Asia Minor, end of 6th century BCE, probably under Darius I [1]. A satrap (/ ˈ s æ t r ə p /) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. [2]
Armenia was divided into two separate satrapies, with the smaller, western part being governed by a hyparch, who was subordinate to the satrap of the rest of Armenia (referred to as "Armina" in the Behistun Inscription), which was Orontes. [10] [11] In 386/385 BC, Orontes was made joint commander of the Persian expedition against Evagoras I (r.
Philiscus later played an important role as a general (hyparch) leading an army of mercenaries in Asia Minor. He led the armies of Ariobarzanes initially, and probably later on his own account after breaking ties with both Ariobarzanes and Athens and siding with the Achaemenid king, into conquering various Greek cities in the Hellespontine area.
Mausolus' hyparch Condalos was also authoritarian, according to the Economics. While collecting money for Mausolus, Condalos noted that the people of Lycia wore their hair long, unlike the Carians. He told his Lycian subjects that Artaxerxes demanded hair to make wigs (προκομία) for his horses. Mausolus therefore demanded that the ...
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Tigranes was most likely based on the Persian hyparch Tigranes, who was the son-in-law of Struthas and lived in the same period as Xenophon. [4] According to Shahbazi, the title of "king of Armenia" should not be taken seriously, as Xenophon also refers to the leader of Hyrcanians and satrap of Bactria as "kings". [5]
Returning the following spring, he dismissed the hyparch he had placed in charge and appointed the Companion Nikanor instead. The existence of Alexandria in the Caucasus is generally accepted, but its location is unknown; most theories place it south of the Hindu Kush near modern Begram. [14] Accepted Alexandria in Margiana: 328 BC