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The inactive X chromosome is silenced by being packaged into a transcriptionally inactive structure called heterochromatin. As nearly all female mammals have two X chromosomes, X-inactivation prevents them from having twice as many X chromosome gene products as males, who only possess a single copy of the X chromosome (see dosage compensation).
X chromosome reactivation (XCR) is the process by which the inactive X chromosome (the Xi) is re-activated in the cells of eutherian female mammals. Therian female mammalian cells have two X chromosomes, while males have only one, requiring X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) for sex-chromosome dosage compensation .
Because males have only one X chromosome, they are more likely to have an X chromosome-related disease. It is estimated that about 10% of the genes encoded by the X chromosome are associated with a family of "CT" genes, so named because they encode for markers found in both tumor cells (in cancer patients) as well as in the human testis (in ...
The cells of those born male contain an X chromosome and a Y chromosome that make a pair and give instructions on which genes should be expressed in the body, the researchers said.
Additionally, 10-25% of human X chromosome genes, [12] and 3-7% of mouse X chromosome genes [13] outside of the PARs show weak expression from the inactive X chromosome. Random X-inactivation demands that the cell can determine if it contains more than one active X-chromosome before acting to silence any extraneous X-chromosome(s).
A Barr body (named after discoverer Murray Barr) [1] or X-chromatin is an inactive X chromosome. In species with XY sex-determination (including humans), females typically have two X chromosomes, [2] and one is rendered inactive in a process called lyonization. Errors in chromosome separation can also result in male and female individuals with ...
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7503 213742 Ensembl ENSG00000229807 ENSMUSG00000086503 UniProt n a n/a RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) Chr X: 73.82 – 73.85 Mb Chr X: 102.5 – 102.53 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) is a non-coding RNA transcribed from the X chromosome of the placental mammals that acts as a major effector of the ...