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The sixth president of the United States, John Quincy Adams' "corrupt bargain" of 1824 is an example of patronage. Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for example with government employment. This may be legitimate, as when a newly elected government changes the top officials in the administration in order to effectively implement its policy.
The term is generally used by critics of a national government. It has been used variously in the past to describe the Russian government under Boris Yeltsin and later, under Vladimir Putin, [10] the government of Egypt under Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi, [11] governments in sub-Saharan Africa, [12] the government of the Philippines under Rodrigo Duterte, [13] and the governments under some United ...
Corruption ranges from small favors between a small number of people (petty corruption), [16] to corruption that affects the government on a large scale (grand corruption), and corruption that is so prevalent that it is part of the everyday structure of society, including corruption as one of the symptoms of organized crime (systemic corruption ...
Corruption in the United States is the act of government officials abusing their political powers for private gain, typically through bribery or other methods, in the United States government. Corruption in the United States has been a perennial political issue, peaking in the Jacksonian era and the Gilded Age before declining with the reforms ...
Corruption in local government refers to the misuse of public office and resources by individuals in positions of power at the local level for personal gain or the benefit of select groups. It involves the abuse of entrusted authority, bribery, embezzlement, fraud, nepotism, and other forms of illicit activities that undermine the integrity and ...
Brezhnev's family, Yuri Brezhnev, Galina Brezhneva and Yuri Churbanov, were investigated for corruption during Mikhail Gorbachev's administration. [9] Churbanov was sentenced to twelve years in prison on charges of large-scale embezzlement and corruption in the context of the Uzbek cotton scandal. By December 1988, Churbanov had been stripped ...
The prospect of government data becoming less accessible or lower-quality could have long-term consequences — both tangible, in terms of dollars and cents, and intangible, in terms of confidence ...
This is the reason why the "de-offshorization" policy endorsed by President Putin in 2012 and 2013 (after the Cyprus Affaire) is often considered to be a new anti-corruption measure. The government's recent initiatives for gradually strengthening control over financial operations of organisations and citizens have been the subject of The ...