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The fruit bodies of Oxyporus species can exist in either a pileate (with cap and stipe) form, or a resupinate form (like a crust on the surface of the substrate).In the latter case, the crust is typically broadly attached to the substrate and has a fibrous to woody texture.
The pathogen can survive winter as oospores in host tissue like dead leaves on the vineyard floor. There they can survive up to 3–5 years, possibly up to 10 years. [8] Oospores may also be released from decaying plant material on soil surfaces. The "rule of thumb", 10:10:24, refers to the required environmental condition for primary infection.
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Rhizopus stolonifer is commonly known as black bread mold. [1] It is a member of Zygomycota and considered the most important species in the genus Rhizopus. [2] It is one of the most common fungi in the world and has a global distribution although it is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. [3]
Mucor mucedo, commonly known as the common pinmould, [1] is a fungal plant pathogen and member of the phylum Mucoromycota and the genus Mucor. [2] Commonly found on soil, dung, water, plants and moist foods, Mucor mucedo is a saprotrophic fungus found world-wide with 85 known strains.
[1] [6] There is very poor growth from 10 °C to 15 °C [3] and negligible growth at 45 °C. [2] [4] There is substantial growth in media containing 1% NaCl, very poor growth at 3% NaCl, and none at 5% NaCl. R. oryzae favors slightly acidic media. Good growth is observed at a pH of 6.8; in the range of 7.7-8.1, there is very poor growth. [3]