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Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a condition affecting the vocal cords. [1] It is characterized by abnormal closure of the vocal folds, which can result in significant difficulties and distress during breathing, particularly during inhalation. [1] Due to the similarity in symptoms, VCD attacks are often mistaken for asthma attacks or laryngospasms.
Concerning signs that may require further investigation include stridor, history of radiation therapy to the neck, trouble swallowing, duration of more than 3 weeks, and a history of smoking. [1] If concerning signs are present. the vocal cords should be examined via laryngoscopy. [1]
Vocal tremor may also be seen in spasmodic dysphonia. [7] A mix and variance of these symptoms are found in mixed spasmodic dysphonia. [7] Symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia typically appear in middle-aged people, but have also been seen in people in their twenties, with symptoms emerging as young as teenage years. [6]
Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle. The RLN is important for speaking, breathing and swallowing.
Laryngospasm is an uncontrolled or involuntary muscular contraction of the vocal folds. [1] It may be triggered when the vocal cords or the area of the trachea below the vocal folds detects the entry of water, mucus, blood, or other substance.
While hoarseness is a common symptom (or complaint) of dysphonia, [23] there are several other signs and symptoms that can be present such as: breathiness, roughness, and dryness. Furthermore, a voice can be classified as dysphonic when it poses problems in the functional or occupational needs of the individual or is inappropriate for their age ...
What to know about symptoms and treatment. Doctors approach it by not suppressing the cough by medication but rather “treating the underlying cause and have the cough go away,” Dicpinigaitis said.
PND is one of the most common etiologies for chronic cough, defined as a cough persisting beyond 8 weeks. [3] Post-nasal drip can be a cause of laryngeal inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, leading to symptoms of vocal cord dysfunction. [4] [5] [6]