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Function CRC32 Input: data: Bytes // Array of bytes Output: crc32: UInt32 // 32-bit unsigned CRC-32 value // Initialize CRC-32 to starting value crc32 ← 0xFFFFFFFF for each byte in data do nLookupIndex ← (crc32 xor byte) and 0xFF crc32 ← (crc32 shr 8) xor CRCTable[nLookupIndex] // CRCTable is an array of 256 32-bit constants
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
This is a list of hash functions, including cyclic redundancy checks, checksum functions, and cryptographic hash functions. This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items . ( February 2024 )
cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]
All single bit errors within the bitfilter period mentioned above (for even terms in the generator polynomial) can be identified uniquely by their residual. So CRC method can be used to correct single-bit errors as well (within those limits, e.g. 32,767 bits with optimal generator polynomials of degree 16).
Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity.
A CRC has properties that make it well suited for detecting burst errors. CRCs are particularly easy to implement in hardware and are therefore commonly used in computer networks and storage devices such as hard disk drives. The parity bit can be seen as a special-case 1-bit CRC.
In a SQL database query, a correlated subquery (also known as a synchronized subquery) is a subquery (a query nested inside another query) that uses values from the outer query. This can have major impact on performance because the correlated subquery might get recomputed every time for each row of the outer query is processed.