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Strokes can cause a variety of movement disorders, depending on the location and severity of the lesion. Hemiplegia is common when the stroke affects the corticospinal tract . Other causes of hemiplegia include spinal cord injury , specifically Brown-Séquard syndrome , traumatic brain injury , or disease affecting the brain .
A person can show one or more of these symptoms during a stroke. Decreased consciousness is more uncommon than in stroke due to intracerebral hemorrhage, but may be present when there is infarctions in more than one part of the brain or in the brain stem. [13] Symptoms of cerebral infarction can help determine which parts of the brain are affected.
Atherosclerosis narrows blood vessels in the brain, resulting in decreased cerebral perfusion. Other risk factors that contribute to stroke include smoking and diabetes. [6] Narrowed cerebral arteries can lead to ischemic stroke, but continually elevated blood pressure can also cause tearing of vessels, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. [4]
[2] [7] [8] Ischemic stroke is typically caused by blockage of a blood vessel, though there are also less common causes. [13] [14] [15] Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by either bleeding directly into the brain or into the space between the brain's membranes. [13] [16] Bleeding may occur due to a ruptured brain aneurysm. [13]
Brain: Cerebral infarction is the ischemic kind of stroke due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain. It can be atherothrombotic or embolic. [9] Stroke caused by cerebral infarction should be distinguished from two other kinds of stroke: cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral infarctions vary in ...
Middle cerebral artery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the portions of the brain supplied by that vessel: the lateral aspects of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, the corona radiata, globus pallidus, caudate and putamen.
Spinal cord stroke is a rare type of stroke with compromised blood flow to any region of spinal cord owing to occlusion or bleeding, leading to irreversible neuronal death. [1] It can be classified into two types, ischaemia and haemorrhage, in which the former accounts for 86% of all cases, a pattern similar to cerebral stroke.
In children, the most common cause is a stroke of the ventral pons. [9]Unlike persistent vegetative state, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared, locked-in syndrome is essentially the opposite, caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem, with no damage to the upper brain.