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The oxygen is added first, and PO 2 measured after mixing, then helium is added in a second mixing tube and PO 2 measured at the outlet after mixing. The difference in PO 2 can be used to calculate PHe, or conversely, a desired trimix product partial pressures can be used to calculate the PO 2 for the nitrox and trimix stages of the blend. Example:
A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration. The essential component for any breathing gas is a partial pressure of oxygen of between roughly 0.16 and 1.60 bar at the ambient pressure. The oxygen is usually the only metabolically active component unless the gas is an anaesthetic mixture.
Unlike a four-stroke engine, the crankcase of which is closed except for its ventilation system, a two-stroke engine uses the crankcase as part of the induction tract, so oil must be mixed with gasoline to be distributed throughout the engine for lubrication. [1] The resultant mix is referred to as premix or petroil. [2]
The vacuum wave arrives in the cylinder during the transfer cycle and helps suck in fresh mixture from the crankcase into the cylinder, and/or prevent the suction of exhaust gases into the crankcase (due to crankcase vacuum). [3] However, the wave may also suck fresh mixture out the exhaust port into the header of the expansion chamber.
The bulbous shape of the exhaust of the Cornet and Boss is an anti-noise two-stroke TWN feature. All TWN motorcycle production ceased in 1957. In 1953 TWN showed the model Duplex at a fair. This 250 cm 3 engine was a 2-cylinder split-single with 4 pistons. This motorcycle was not produced.
A mixture of fuel and air ignites when the concentration and temperature of reactants is sufficiently high. The concentration and/or temperature can be increased in several different ways: Increasing compression ratio; Pre-heating of induction gases; Forced induction; Retained or re-inducted exhaust gases; Once ignited, combustion occurs very ...
For example, if the static compression ratio is 10:1, and the dynamic compression ratio is 7.5:1, a useful value for cylinder pressure would be 7.5 1.3 × atmospheric pressure, or 13.7 bar (relative to atmospheric pressure). The two corrections for dynamic compression ratio affect cylinder pressure in opposite directions, but not in equal strength.
The engine can produce any compression ratio from 8:1 to 14:1. The highest torque is achieved at 8:1, giving high acceleration, while the best gas mileage (fuel efficiency) is achieved at 14:1. The electronic engine controller responds to the pressure on the gas pedal, in real-time, altering the compression ratio seamlessly.