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The program covered model year 2012 to model year 2016 and ultimately required an average fuel economy standard of 35.5 miles per US gallon (6.63 L/100 km; 42.6 mpg ‑imp) in 2016 (of 39 miles per gallon for cars and 30 mpg for trucks), a jump from the 2009 average for all vehicles of 25 miles per gallon. Obama said, "The status quo is no ...
distance per vehicle per unit fuel volume; e.g., km/L or miles per gallon (US or imperial). distance per vehicle per unit fuel mass; e.g., km/kg. [11] distance per vehicle per unit energy; e.g., miles per gallon equivalent (mpg-e). Energy consumption (reciprocal efficiency) [3] is expressed terms of fuel consumption: [2]
They determined that the cost of a ton of oil fuel used in steam engines was $5.04 and yielded 20.37 train miles system wide on average. Diesel fuel cost $11.61 but produced 133.13 train miles per ton. In effect, diesels ran six times as far as steamers utilizing fuel that cost only twice as much.
In 2018, CO₂ emissions totalled 747 million tonnes for passenger transport, for 8.5 trillion revenue passenger kilometres (RPK), giving an average of 88 grams CO₂ per RPK; [2] this represents 28 g of fuel per kilometre, or a 3.5 L/100 km (67 mpg ‑US) fuel consumption per passenger, on average. The worst-performing flights are short trips ...
When burned, unleaded gasoline produces 8.91 kg (19.6 lb) of CO 2 per gallon, while diesel produces 10.15 kg (22.4 lb). [23] CO 2 emissions originating from ethanol are disregarded by international agreements however so gasoline containing 10% ethanol would only be considered to produce 8.02 kg (17.7 lb) of CO 2 per gallon. [24]
About half of the natural gas was for process heating, and most of the rest was for boilers. [66] Transportation used 28% of energy, almost all of which was petroleum and other fuels. Half of the combustible fuels that make up the transportation sector were gasoline, and half of the vehicle usage was for cars and small trucks. [67]
Notes: The Nissan Leaf is the baseline car for the assessment, with an energy consumption rated by EPA at 34 kWh/100 mi or 99 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (2.4 L/100 km) combined. The ratings are based on a region's mix of electricity sources and its average emissions intensity over the course of a year.
The maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from LN2 is 213 Watt-hours per kg (W·h/kg) or 173 W·h per liter, in which a maximum of 70 W·h/kg can be utilized with an isothermal expansion process. Such a vehicle with a 350-liter (93 gallon) tank can achieve ranges similar to a gasoline powered vehicle with a 50-liter (13 gallon) tank.