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  2. Irreducible fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_fraction

    An irreducible fraction (or fraction in lowest terms, simplest form or reduced fraction) is a fraction in which the numerator and denominator are integers that have no other common divisors than 1 (and −1, when negative numbers are considered). [1]

  3. List of unsolved problems in mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.

  4. List of small groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_small_groups

    The squares of elements do not form a subgroup. Has the same number of elements of every order as Q 8 × Z 2. Nilpotent. 34 G 16 6: Z 8 ⋊ Z 2: Z 8 (2), Z 2 2 × Z 2, Z 4 (2), Z 2 2, Z 2 (3) Sometimes called the modular group of order 16, though this is misleading as abelian groups and Q 8 × Z 2 are also modular. Nilpotent. 35 G 16 7: D 16: Z ...

  5. Propositional formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_formula

    Propositional formulas with feedback lead, in their simplest form, to state machines; they also lead to memories in the form of Turing tapes and counter-machine counters. From combinations of these elements one can build any sort of bounded computational model (e.g. Turing machines, counter machines, register machines, Macintosh computers, etc.).

  6. Lambert W function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function

    The product logarithm Lambert W function plotted in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i The graph of y = W(x) for real x < 6 and y > −4.The upper branch (blue) with y ≥ −1 is the graph of the function W 0 (principal branch), the lower branch (magenta) with y ≤ −1 is the graph of the function W −1.

  7. Fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction

    For example, Bhaskara I writes: [36] ६ १ २ १ १ १ ० ४ ५ ९. which is the equivalent of 6 1 2 1 1 −1 4 5 9. and would be written in modern notation as 6 ⁠ 1 / 4 ⁠, 1 ⁠ 1 / 5 ⁠, and 2 − ⁠ 1 / 9 ⁠ (i.e., 1 ⁠ 8 / 9 ⁠).

  8. List of integer sequences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integer_sequences

    16, 22, 34, 36, 46, 56, 64, 66, 70, 76, 78, 86, 88, ... The length of an interval of consecutive integers with property that every element has a factor in common with one of the endpoints. A059756

  9. Euclidean algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_algorithm

    On the right Nicomachus's example with numbers 49 and 21 resulting in their GCD of 7 (derived from Heath 1908:300). In mathematics , the Euclidean algorithm , [ note 1 ] or Euclid's algorithm , is an efficient method for computing the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two integers , the largest number that divides them both without a remainder .