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The most basic example is the flat Euclidean plane, an idealization of a flat surface in physical space such as a sheet of paper or a chalkboard. On the Euclidean plane, any two points can be joined by a unique straight line along which the distance can be measured.
In 2-dimensional space, a rotation can be simply described by an angle θ of rotation, but it can be also represented by the 4 entries of a rotation matrix with 2 rows and 2 columns. In 3-dimensional space, every rotation can be interpreted as a rotation by a given angle about a single fixed axis of rotation (see Euler's rotation theorem ), and ...
[1] [2] [3] By contrast, discrete mathematics excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as real numbers, calculus or Euclidean geometry. Discrete objects can often be enumerated by integers ; more formally, discrete mathematics has been characterized as the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets [ 4 ] (finite sets or sets with ...
In mathematics, the jet is an operation that takes a differentiable function f and produces a polynomial, the Taylor polynomial (truncated Taylor series) of f, at each point of its domain.
When q ≠ 2, the group is simple, and when q = 2, it has a simple subgroup of index 2 isomorphic to 2 A 2 (3 2), and is the automorphism group of a maximal order of the octonions. The Janko group J 1 was first constructed as a subgroup of G 2 (11). Ree (1960) introduced twisted Ree groups 2 G 2 (q) of order q 3 (q 3 + 1)(q − 1) for q = 3 2n ...