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Diagram showing construction of the DOT 117 tank car. The DOT-117 (TC-117 in Canada) is a type of unpressurized tank car in use on North American railroads. The DOT-117 design was developed in the aftermath of the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster of 2013 in an effort to upgrade the specifications of the then-common DOT-111 and CPC-1232 designs. [1]
The fuel is non-volatile, so it is safe to use on ships or submarines. It has a high flash point minimum of 60 °C (140 °F). [3] Chemically, TH-dimer is a mixture of isomeric saturated hydrocarbons derived from hydrogenation of the dimer of methylcyclopentadiene. [4]
Part 533: [83] Light truck fuel economy standards; Part 534: [84] Rights and responsibilities of manufacturers in the context of changes in corporate relationships; Part 536: [85] Transfer and trading of fuel economy credits; Part 537: [86] Automotive fuel economy reports; Part 538: [87] Manufacturing incentives for alternative fuel vehicles
The new SAE J1711 standard for measuring the exhaust emissions and fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids was approved in July 2010. The recommended procedures for PHEVs were revised at Argonne National Laboratory , and EPA's new regulation to define PHEV fuel economy reporting protocol is expected to be based on SAE J1711.
An octane rating, or octane number, is a standard measure of a fuel's ability to withstand compression in an internal combustion engine without causing engine knocking.The higher the octane number, the more compression the fuel can withstand before detonating.
The Genesis represents a significant leap forward in performance. It boasts a 22% improvement in fuel efficiency and delivers 25% more power compared to the F40PH. [8] Furthermore, all Genesis locomotives utilize modern, four-stroke engines, surpassing the two-stroke technology employed in earlier EMD counterparts. [citation needed]
From 1 January 1996, the U.S. Clean Air Act banned the sale of leaded fuel for use in on-road vehicles although that year the US EPA indicated that TEL could still be used in aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines. [117] Thus, what had begun in the U.S. as a phasedown ultimately ended in a phase-out for on-road vehicle TEL.
The fuel being burnt in the lean charge is therefore not 'knock' or octane restricted. This type of stratification therefore can utilise a wide variety of fuels; the specific energy output being dependent only on the calorific value of the fuel. A relatively rich air/fuel mixture is directed to the spark-plug using multi-hole injectors.