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Cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. The word is from Ancient Greek ...
The most common presentation of testicular cancer is a hard, painless lump which can be felt on one of the testis. It is either noticed by a clinician during a routine examination, or the patient themselves. [17] Risk factors for TC include: Cryptorchidism; Family history; Previous testicular cancer; The diagnosis is confirmed in different ways.
In this case the testis is within the abdominal cavity, somewhere along the normal route of descent – most commonly, within the inguinal canal. Such a testis has an increased risk of malignancy . One testicle may disappear during development (the so-called vanishing testis ) due to some intrauterine insult.
The ectopic testis can be in the perineal region, the opposite side of the scrotum, the suprapubic region, the femoral region, or the superficial inguinal pouch. [1]The ectopic testis is initially normal, but if it is ignored after childhood, it may become small and soft, with spermatogenesis arresting and interstitial cell proliferation occurring.
The lower part persists as the gubernaculum testis ("scrotal ligament"). This ligament secures the testis to the most inferior portion of the scrotum, tethering it in place and limiting the degree to which the testis can move within the scrotum. Cryptorchidism (undescended testes) are observed in INSL3-null male mice.
The undescended testis is at increased risk of testicular torsion. [17] The mechanism for torsion in the undescended testicle is not fully understood, though it may be due to abnormal contractions of the cremaster muscle, which covers the testicle and spermatic cord and is responsible for raising and lowering the testicle to regulate scrotal ...
Orchiopexy is performed in the event of testicular torsion, a urologic emergency presenting with intense pain and often without inciting injury. [citation needed]While neonatal torsion occurs with no anatomic defect to account for its occurrence (occurring in utero or shortly after birth), adult torsion results from a bilateral congenital anomaly often called a "bell-clapper deformity", where ...
Infertility is the most prevalent symptom of Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Semen examination reveals azoospermia, with sperm density frequently falling to fewer than 1 million sperm per mL.