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Aryan (/ ˈ ɛər i ə n /), or Arya (borrowed from Sanskrit ārya), [1] is a term originating from the ethno-cultural self-designation of the Indo-Iranians, specifically the Iranians and the Indo-Aryans. [2] [3] It stood in contrast to nearby outsiders, whom they designated as non-Aryan (*an-āryā). [4]
Sexagesimal numerals were a mixed radix system that retained the alternating bases of 10 and 6 that characterized tokens, numerical impressions, and proto-cuneiform numerical signs. Sexagesimal numerals were used in commerce, as well as for astronomical and other calculations.
A map of Indo-Aryan languages using their respective Brahmic family scripts (except dark blue colored Khowar, Pashai, Kohistani, and Urdu, not marked here, which use Arabic-derived scripts). Gupta , 4th century
Greek numerals, also known as Ionic, Ionian, Milesian, or Alexandrian numerals, is a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Greek alphabet. In modern Greece , they are still used for ordinal numbers and in contexts similar to those in which Roman numerals are still used in the Western world .
The numerals were used by wine-gaugers in the Bruges area at least until the early eighteenth century. [6] [7] [8] In the late eighteenth century, Chevaliers de la Rose-Croix of Paris briefly adopted the numerals for mystical use, and in the early twentieth century Nazis considered using the numerals as Aryan symbolism. [3] [9] [10] [11]
The oral and written forms of numbers in the Indo-Aryan languages use a negative numeral (e.g., "un" in Hindi and Bengali, "un" or "unna" in Punjabi, "ekon" in Marathi) for the numbers between 11 and 90 that end with a nine. The numbers followed by their names are shown for Punjabi below (the prefix "ik" means "one"): [8] 19 unni, 20 vih, 21 ikki
Graeco-Aryan, or Graeco-Armeno-Aryan, is a hypothetical clade within the Indo-European family that would be the ancestor of Hellenic, Armenian, and the Indo-Iranian languages, which spans Southern Europe, Armenian highlands and Southern Asian regions of Eurasia.
Bronze Age. Anatolian peoples ; Armenians; Mycenaean Greeks; Indo-Iranians; Iron Age. Indo-Aryans. Indo-Aryans; Iranians. Iranians; Nuristanis. Nuristanis; East Asia ...