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The civilian aircraft frequency for voice distress alerting is 121.5 MHz. Military aircraft use 243 MHz (which is a harmonic of 121.5 MHz, and therefore civilian beacons transmit on this frequency as well). Aircraft can also signal an emergency by setting one of several special transponder codes, such as 7700.
Collision avoidance systems have been developed to use transponder transmissions as a means of detecting aircraft at risk of colliding with each other. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Air traffic control (ATC) units use the term "squawk" when they are assigning an aircraft a transponder code, e.g., "Squawk 7421".
Non-discrete mode A code reserved use in mode S radar/ADS-B environment where the aircraft identification will be used to correlate the flight plan instead of the mode A code. [1] US: Used exclusively by ADS-B aircraft to inhibit mode 3A transmission. [3] US: Non-discrete code assignments in accordance with FAA Order JO 7110.65, 5-2.
A voice warning system is a system designed to alert the crew of an aircraft to imminent safety hazards. It is often known as a Bitchin' Betty, a slang term used by some pilots and aircrew and submariners (mainly North American). The enunciating voice, in at least some aircraft systems, may be either male or female.
The Runway Awareness and Advisory System (RAAS) is an electronic detection system that notifies aircraft flight crews on the ground of their position relative to their allocated runway. It is a type of Runway Situation Awareness Tool (RSAT).
AAR-47 Sensors mounted on a USMC V-22 Osprey aircraft. The AAR-47 missile warning system consists of 4 Optical Sensor Converters (OSC), a Computer Processor and a Control Indicator. The system is relatively light at a total weight of approximately 32 pounds. [4] There is one optical sensor converter for each side of the aircraft.
Runway Status Lights (RWSL) are a visual alerting system installed in some airport taxiways and runways for the purpose of collision-avoidance. When illuminated, red high-intensity LEDs indicate the presence of another vehicle either departing, occupying, or landing on an active runway .
Minimum safe altitude warning (MSAW) is an automated warning system for air traffic controllers (ATCO). It is a ground-based safety net intended to warn the controller about increased risk of controlled flight into terrain accidents by generating, in a timely manner, an alert of aircraft proximity to terrain or obstacles.