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In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave 's amplitude at an ...
An SWR meter for CB radio equipment. A standing wave ratio meter, SWR meter, ISWR meter (current "I" SWR), or VSWR meter (voltage SWR) measures the standing wave ratio (SWR) in a transmission line. [a] The meter indirectly measures the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and its load (usually an antenna).
The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at a port, represented by the lower case 's', is a similar measure of port match to return loss but is a scalar linear quantity, the ratio of the standing wave maximum voltage to the standing wave minimum voltage.
The blue circle, centred within the chart, is sometimes called an SWR circle (short for constant standing wave ratio). The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is the ratio of the amplitude of a single voltage wave to its current wave. Since most transmission lines also have a reflected wave, the characteristic impedance is generally ...
A time-domain reflectometer; an instrument used to locate the position of faults on lines from the time taken for a reflected wave to return from the discontinuity.. A signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if ...
In radio frequency (RF) practice this is often measured in a dimensionless ratio known as voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) with a VSWR bridge. The ratio of energy bounced back depends on the impedance mismatch. Mathematically, it is defined using the reflection coefficient. [2]
standing wave ratio A measure of impedance mismatch for transmission lines in microwave engineering; the ratio of peak amplitude of a standing wave to its minimum. star-mesh transform A mathematical technique used in circuit analysis. state observer In control theory, that which discovers and reports the internal state of a controlled system.
Nominal impedance, for example 50 ohm; Frequency bandwidth, for example DC-18 GHz; Power dissipation depends on mass and surface area of resistance material as well as possible additional cooling fins. SWR is the standing wave ratio for input and output ports; Accuracy; Repeatability