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Wrinkle-resistant or permanent press or durable press is a finishing method for textiles that avoids creases and wrinkles and provides a better appearance for the articles. Most cellulosic fabrics and blends of cellulosic-rich fabrics tend to crease or wrinkle. A durable press finish makes them dimensionally stable and crease-free.
The different test methods are used as per the final destination of the product (Europe, U.S.A., etc.) and the expected washing or laundry methods in practice. Mainly I.S.O. and AATCC standards are used for shrinkage testing. There are few brands which are customizing the test method as per their quality norms. Test Method(s): [10]
The test method evaluates the thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of fabrics, which bear on the garment's comfort. [115] [116] ISO 11092:2014 (the test for physiological effects — Test for measuring thermal resistance and water-vapor resistance) [117] ASTM F1868 (test for measuring thermal and evaporative resistance) [118]
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For example, cracks can form in a gesso ground due to the embrittlement and movement of its support, then become visible in the paint film. [22] Tempera can develop cracks over time that are visible to the naked eye, and flaking caused by air bubbles. Tempera paintings are thought to be more resistant to materials typically used during cleanings.
Linen-cotton blends are wrinkle resistant and retain heat more effectively than only linen, and are thinner, stronger and lighter than only cotton. [95] In addition to the textile industry, cotton is used in fishing nets, coffee filters, tents, explosives manufacture (see nitrocellulose), cotton paper, and in bookbinding.
The Barcol hardness test is generally used on soft materials such as rigid plastics. It measures hardness based on indentation of a sharp point with a flat tip. The test is performed using a similar method and indentation device as that used to measure Shore D hardness, however the Shore D indentor has a round tip. [4]
Lightfastness is a property of a colourant such as dye or pigment that describes its resistance to fading when exposed to light. [1] [2] [3] Dyes and pigments are used for example for dyeing of fabrics, plastics or other materials and manufacturing paints or printing inks.