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These families are best known for the nymphal stage, which produces a cover of foamed-up plant sap visually resembling saliva; the nymphs are therefore commonly known as spittlebugs and their foam as cuckoo spit, frog spit, or snake spit. This characteristic spittle production is associated with the unusual trait of xylem feeding.
Cercopidae are the largest family of Cercopoidea, a xylem-feeding insect group, commonly called froghoppers. [2] They belong to the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha.A 2023 phylogenetic study of the family suggested the elevation of the New World subfamily Ischnorhininae to full family status as Ischnorhinidae, leaving a monophyletic Old World Cercopinae.
Traditionally, most of the superfamily Cercopoidea was considered a single family, the Cercopidae, but this family has been split into three families for many years now: the Aphrophoridae, Cercopidae, and Clastopteridae.
Nymphs feed on various grasses (including centipedegrass, bermudagrass and corn) from within foam (consisting of their own spittle) produced from juices of their host plant. [2] Adults feed on the leaves of both native and introduced species of holly, as well as on the leaves of the eastern redbud tree. It is a pest of forage grasses and turf ...
Bombardier beetles are ground beetles (Carabidae) in the tribes Brachinini, Paussini, Ozaenini, or Metriini—more than 500 species altogether—which are most notable for the defense mechanism that gives them their name: when disturbed, they eject a hot noxious chemical spray from the tip of the abdomen with a popping sound.
They are sometimes called tube-forming spittle-bugs as the nymphs form a calcareous tube within which they live. These bugs are mainly found in the Old World tropics . The adults of many genera have a long, free and spine-like process originating from the scutellum and thus superficially similar to the tree-hoppers, Membracidae .
The spitfire sawfly (Perga affinis) is a species of hymenopteran insect in the family Pergidae.It is found in Australia and grows to 22 mm (0.87 in) in length with two pairs of honey-colored wings up to 40 mm (1.6 in) in wingspan.
Ptyelus grossus is an Auchenorrhynchan spittlebug in the family Aphrophoridae.Occurring from Southern Africa through to West Africa, the species is gregarious in its larval and nymph stages, feeding on a variety of plants, and producing protective shelters of acrid foam from their host plant's sap.