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The cavity magnetron is a high-power vacuum tube used in early radar systems and subsequently in microwave ovens and in linear particle accelerators. A cavity magnetron generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field, while moving past a series of cavity resonators, which are small, open cavities in a ...
The klystron was the first significantly powerful source of radio waves in the microwave range; before its invention the only sources were the Barkhausen–Kurz tube and split-anode magnetron, which were limited to very low power. It was invented by the brothers Russell and Sigurd Varian at Stanford University.
The TWT is an elongated vacuum tube with an electron gun (a heated cathode that emits electrons) at one end.A voltage applied across the cathode and anode accelerates the electrons towards the far end of the tube, and an external magnetic field around the tube focuses the electrons into a beam.
The cavity magnetron was a crucial component in the development of short wavelength radar during World War II. [8] In 1937–1940, a multi-cavity magnetron was built by British physicist Sir John Turton Randall, FRSE and coworkers, for the British and American military radar installations in World War II. [9]
As part of the Tizard Mission in September 1940, the British revealed the cavity magnetron to US researchers. The US immediately organized the MIT Radiation Laboratory to develop the magnetron and radar systems based on it. Among these developments was the SCR-603, essentially the 602 using a magnetron transmitter instead of conventional triodes.
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