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While use of germanium itself does not require precautions, some of germanium's artificially produced compounds are quite reactive and present an immediate hazard to human health on exposure. For example, Germanium tetrachloride and germane (GeH 4 ) are a liquid and gas, respectively, that can be very irritating to the eyes, skin, lungs, and ...
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Germane is the chemical compound with the formula Ge H 4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. Like the related compounds silane and methane, germane is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO 2 and water. Germane is a group 14 hydride.
The first organogermanium compound, tetraethylgermane, synthesized by Winkler in 1887, [3] by the reaction of germanium tetrachloride with diethylzinc. More commonly, these Ge(IV) compounds are prepared by alkylation of germanium halides by organolithium and Grignard reagents, including surfaces terminated with Ge-Cl bonds. [4]
Organic germanium hydrides such as isobutylgermane ((CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 GeH 3) were found to be less hazardous and may be used as a liquid substitute for toxic germane gas in semiconductor applications. Many germanium reactive intermediates are known: germyl free radicals, germylenes (similar to carbenes), and germynes (similar to carbynes).
Chinese customs data show there have been no shipments of wrought and unwrought germanium or gallium to the U.S. this year through October, although it was the fourth and fifth-largest market for ...
The germanides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, are readily decomposed by water and acids to give germanium hydrides; most germanides of the transition metals resist the action of acids and alkalies. The main method of producing germanides is the melting or sintering of the components.
Using the achievements of the exact sciences to solve major problems in agriculture, agrophysics involves the study of materials and processes occurring in the production and processing of agricultural crops, with particular emphasis on the condition of the environment and the quality of farming materials and food production.