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A stimulant is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase the activity of the central nervous system and the body, [5] drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. [6]
Stimulant use disorder is a type of substance use disorder where the use of stimulants caused clinically significant impairment or distress. It is defined in the DSM-5 as "the continued use of amphetamine-type substances, cocaine, or other stimulants leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, from mild to severe". [1]
Amphetamines are a class of psychoactive drugs that are stimulants.Paradoxical drowsiness can sometimes occur in adults. [1] Research from the 1980s popularized the belief that ADHD stimulants such as amphetamine have a calming effect in individuals with ADHD, but opposite effects in the general population. [2]
Although stimulants are the first-line treatment for ADHD symptoms, second-line treatments like Wellbutrin may be more appropriate for some people. dragana991/istockphoto Side Effects
Stimulants and opioids also have opposite effects on the body, which can lead people to use one to counteract the effects of the other, said Magdalena Cerdá, the director of the Center for Opioid ...
Norepinephrine is synthesized by the body from the amino acid tyrosine, [3] and is used in the synthesis of epinephrine, which is a stimulating neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. [4] All sympathomimetic amines fall into the larger group of stimulants (see psychoactive drug chart).
Common effects may include increased alertness, awareness, wakefulness, endurance, productivity, and motivation, arousal, locomotion, heart rate, and blood pressure, and a diminished desire for food and sleep. Use of stimulants may cause the body to significantly reduce its production of endogenous compounds that fulfill similar functions.
Stimulants work by increasing catecholamine levels and agonistic activity at the adrenergic receptors. [17] Examples of stimulants include caffeine, [2] ephedrine, methylphenidate and amphetamine. [3] [14] [15] [18] [19] Potential side effects include hypertension, insomnia, headaches, weight loss, arrhythmia, tremors, anxiety, addiction, and ...