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Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
Central serous chorioretinopathy (pachychoroid stage II) with subretinal fluid (black triangle in the middle) and a markedly thickened, congested choroid (white arrowheads). Pachychoroid disorders of the macula represent a group of diseases affecting the central part of the retina of the eye , the macula .
In PCV, sudden blurring of vision or a scotoma in the central field of vision may occur in one or both eyes. [2] Another symptom is metamorphopsia. [1] Signs include polypoidal lesions, orange-red lesions in fundus, subretinal fluid, retinal detachment, subretinal hemorrhages, subretinal fibrinous material, hard exudates and drusen. [1]
In many cases, only one eye is affected and the person may not be aware of the loss of color vision until the examiner asks them to cover the healthy eye. People may also engage in "eccentric viewing" using peripheral vision to compensate for central vision loss characteristic in genetic, toxic, or nutritional optic neuropathy.
Treatment of toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy is dictated by the cause of the disorder. Toxic optic neuropathy is treated by identification and removal of the offending agent. Depending upon the individual affected, the nature of the agent, total exposure prior to removal, and degree of vision loss at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis ...
Pain, visual loss, relapse, and steroid response are typical of CRION. [1] [3] Ocular pain is typical, although there are some cases with no reported pain. [3]Bilateral severe visual loss (simultaneous or sequential) usually occurs, but there are reports of unilateral visual loss. [3]
When considering the possible causes for spontaneous NAION, the list includes other conditions like arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (associated with inflammation of arteries), optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve), infiltrative and compressive types of optic neuropathy (where the optic nerve is invaded or pressed upon by ...
Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve (i.e. ischemia).Ischemic forms of optic neuropathy are typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic nerve that is affected.