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Beckman Model M pH Meter, 1937 [1] Beckman model 72 pH meter, 1960 781 pH/Ion Meter pH meter by Metrohm. A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH. [2]
The bottom of a pH electrode balloons out into a round thin glass bulb. The pH electrode is best thought of as a tube within a tube. The inner tube contains an unchanging 1×10 −7 mol/L HCl solution. Also inside the inner tube is the cathode terminus of the reference probe.
In aquatic environments, platinum is often used due to its high electron transfer kinetics, [5] although an electrode made from several metals can be used in order to enhance the electron transfer kinetics. [6] The most common potentiometric electrode is by far the glass-membrane electrode used in a pH meter.
In 1992, the company was incorporated as Mettler Toledo, Inc. [9] In 1996–97, Mettler Toledo, Inc. was sold by Ciba-Geigy AG to the New York-based AEA Investors Inc., in preparation for a subsequent initial public offering. The initial public offering was completed and began trading on the New York Stock Exchange, under the ticker symbol NYSE ...
Commercial reference electrodes consist of a glass or plastic tube electrode body. The electrode consists of a metallic silver wire (Ag (s)) coated with a thin layer of silver chloride (AgCl), either physically by dipping the wire in molten silver chloride, chemically by electroplating the wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) [3] or electrochemically by oxidising the silver at an anode ...
An acid-base microtitorator utilizes the electrolysis of water, where protons or hydroxide ions are produced at the working electrode. The analyte reacts with the generated reagent, buffering the overall rate of reagent generation. A pH gradient forms from the diffusion of these reagents, where a pH sensor will determine the endpoint. [6]