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Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
There are, however, differing opinions and practices. The research literature continues to use IDC or invasive ductal carcinoma NOS, [10] [11] and some medical textbooks have offered support for continued use of IDC or invasive ductal carcinoma NOS. [12] [5]
Ductal carcinoma in situ, a condition sometimes called non-invasive or stage-zero breast cancer, is a very early finding of disease in the cells that line the milk ducts of the breast.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is a pre-cancerous or non-invasive cancerous lesion of the breast. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] DCIS is classified as Stage 0. [ 3 ] It rarely produces symptoms or a breast lump that can be felt, typically being detected through screening mammography .
The overall 5-year survival rate for both invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma was approximately 85% in 2003. [9] Ductal carcinoma in situ, on the other hand, is in itself harmless, although if untreated approximately 60% of these low-grade DCIS lesions will become invasive over the course of 40 years in follow-up. [10]
According to Johns Hopkins, DCIS – or ductal carcinoma in situ — is a ‘non-invasive form of breast cancer that develops in the milk ducts of the breast.”
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