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In number theory, a narcissistic number [1] [2] (also known as a pluperfect digital invariant (PPDI), [3] an Armstrong number [4] (after Michael F. Armstrong) [5] or a plus perfect number) [6] in a given number base is a number that is the sum of its own digits each raised to the power of the number of digits.
The question is whether or not, for all problems for which an algorithm can verify a given solution quickly (that is, in polynomial time), an algorithm can also find that solution quickly. Since the former describes the class of problems termed NP, while the latter describes P, the question is equivalent to asking whether all problems in NP are ...
LeetCode LLC, doing business as LeetCode, is an online platform for coding interview preparation. The platform provides coding and algorithmic problems intended for users to practice coding . [ 1 ] LeetCode has gained popularity among job seekers in the software industry and coding enthusiasts as a resource for technical interviews and coding ...
One can also consider the case in which the number of colors tends to infinity. When m=1 and the t tends to infinity, the number of cuts required is at most 0.4t and at least 0.22t with high probability. It is conjectured that there exists some 0.22 < c < 0.4 such that X(t,1)/t converges to c in distribution.
[1] [2] The project attracts graduates and students interested in mathematics and computer programming. Since its creation in 2001 by Colin Hughes, Project Euler has gained notability and popularity worldwide. [3] It includes 923 problems as of December 22 2024, [4] with a new one added approximately every week. [5]
Armstrong's axioms are a set of axioms (or, more precisely, inference rules) used to infer all the functional dependencies on a relational database. They were developed by William W. Armstrong in his 1974 paper. [ 1 ]
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
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