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The first cause of cancer was identified by British surgeon Percivall Pott, who discovered in 1775 that cancer of the scrotum was a common disease among chimney sweeps. [ citation needed ] The work of other individual physicians led to various insights, but when physicians started working together they could draw firmer conclusions.
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...
Cancer can be considered a very large and exceptionally heterogeneous family of malignant diseases, with squamous-cell carcinomas comprising one of the largest subsets. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] All SCC lesions are thought to begin via the repeated, uncontrolled division of cancer stem cells of epithelial lineage or characteristics.
Esophageal cancer is the eighth-most frequently-diagnosed cancer worldwide, [2] and because of its poor prognosis, it is the sixth most-common cause of cancer-related deaths. [55] It caused about 400,000 deaths in 2012, accounting for about 5% of all cancer deaths (about 456,000 new cases were diagnosed, representing about 3% of all cancers).
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, globally accounting for at least 40% of cancer cases. [5] [20] The most common type is nonmelanoma skin cancer, which occurs in at least 2–3 million people per year. [6] [21] This is a rough estimate; good statistics are not kept. [1]
Medullary thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin. [1] Medullary tumors are the third most common of all thyroid cancers and together make up about 3% of all thyroid cancer cases. [2] MTC was first characterized in 1959. [3]
Lung squamous-cell carcinoma is the second most common histologic type of lung cancer after adenocarcinoma, reaching 22.6% of all lung cancer cases as of 2012. [11] The relative incidence of the former has been steadily decreasing in favor of the latter due to the decreasing smoking rates in the last few years. [9]