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The chemical structure of cryptoxanthin, a yellow tetraterpenoid of the xanthophyll type.. Tetraterpenes are terpenes consisting of eight isoprene units and have the molecular formula C 40 H 64. [1]
The term terpene was coined in 1866 by the German chemist August Kekulé to denote all hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C 10 H 16, of which camphene was one. Previously, many hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C 10 H 16 had been called "camphene", but many other hydrocarbons of the same composition had different names.
Turpentine is composed of terpenes, primarily the monoterpenes alpha-and beta-pinene, with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, limonene, and terpinolene. [ 3 ] Substitutes include white spirit or other petroleum distillates – although the constituent chemicals are very different.
While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional functional groups, usually containing oxygen. [1] When combined with the hydrocarbon terpenes, terpenoids comprise about 80,000 compounds. [2] They are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, representing about 60% of known natural products. [3]
Terpineol is any of four isomeric monoterpenoids.Terpenoids are terpene that are modified by the addition of a functional group, in this case, an alcohol.Terpineols have been isolated from a variety of sources such as cardamom, cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. [2]
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Biosynthetic pathway to alpha-terpinene from geranyl pyrophosphate. [2]The biosynthesis of α-terpinene and other terpenoids starts with the isomerization of geranyl pyrophosphate to linalyl pyrophosphate (LPP).
Terpenoids are compounds related to terpenes, which may include some oxygen functionality or some rearrangement, however the two terms are often used interchangeably. Subcategories This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total.