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A wide variety of special light fixtures are created for use in the automotive lighting industry, aerospace, marine and medicine sectors. [2] [3] Portable light fixtures are often called lamps, as in table lamp or desk lamp. In technical terminology, the lamp is the light source, which, in casual terminology, is called the light bulb.
Like other gas-discharge lamps such as the very-similar mercury-vapor lamps, metal-halide lamps produce light by ionizing a mixture of gases in an electric arc.In a metal-halide lamp, the compact arc tube contains a mixture of argon or xenon, mercury, and a variety of metal halides, such as sodium iodide and scandium iodide. [7]
A high-pressure sodium street light in Toronto A high-pressure sodium-vapor lamp An HPS lamp that isn't entirely off. A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm. Two varieties of such lamps exist: low pressure, and high pressure.
The surveys revealed that high-mast lighting was by far the preferred method of lighting. [3] By 1967, Europe was known to have high-mast illumination technology in practice. 1968 saw the first permanent US installations of high-mast illumination starting in Auburn, Washington south of Seattle. The first American towers were 100 ft (30 m) tall ...
High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of arc lamp. Brand new high-intensity discharge lamps make more visible light per unit of electric power consumed than fluorescent and incandescent lamps, since a greater proportion of their radiation is visible light in contrast to infrared. However, the lumen output of HID lighting can deteriorate by ...
An important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug efficiency, meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy, usually measured in lumen per watt. A fixture using replaceable light sources can also have its efficiency quoted as the percentage of light passed from the "bulb" to the ...