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The main issue with anticoagulation in pregnancy is that warfarin, the most commonly used anticoagulant in chronic administration, is known to have teratogenic effects on the fetus if administered in early pregnancy. [11] [12] Still, there seems to be no teratogenic effect of warfarin before six weeks of gestation. [13]
Fetal warfarin syndrome is a disorder of the embryo which occurs in a child whose mother took the medication warfarin (brand name: Coumadin) during pregnancy. Resulting abnormalities include low birth weight , slower growth , intellectual disability , deafness , small head size , and malformed bones , cartilage , and joints .
Warfarin (brand name Coumadin) is a commonly prescribed blood thinner both in the inpatient and outpatient hospital settings. In pregnant women, warfarin is contraindicated and should be avoided as it crosses the placental barrier. Additionally, warfarin is listed as Pregnancy Category D, which means it has a risk of harming the fetus. [37]
[52] [53] Warfarin's interference with G1a proteins has also been linked to abnormalities in fetal bone development in mothers who were treated with warfarin during pregnancy. [54] [55] Long-term warfarin and heparin usage have also been linked to osteoporosis. [56] [45] Another potentially severe complication associated with heparin use is ...
For around 50 years, a months-long warfarin (Coumadin) regimen was the mainstay of pharmacological treatment. [ 194 ] [ 195 ] To avoid the blood monitoring required with warfarin and the injections required by heparin and heparin-like medicines, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were developed. [ 195 ]
In pregnant women with only pregnancy related APS or only past blood clot related APS, low molecular weight heparin and low-dose aspirin are used instead of warfarin because of warfarin's ability to cause birth defects. [27] [28] Heparin and aspirin together appears to make miscarriage less likely in pregnant women with APS. [28] Women with ...
Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. [3] [4] Heparin is a blood anticoagulant that increases the activity of antithrombin. [5] It is used in the treatment of heart attacks and unstable angina. [3] It can be given intravenously or by injection under the skin. [3]
Treatment is with anticoagulant medications such as heparin, warfarin, or one of the direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs). [5] These are recommended to be taken for at least three months. [5] However, treatment using low-molecular-weight heparin is not recommended for those at high risk of bleeding or those with renal failure. [17]