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Entropy is one of the few quantities in the physical sciences that require a particular direction for time, sometimes called an arrow of time. As one goes "forward" in time, the second law of thermodynamics says, the entropy of an isolated system can increase, but not decrease. Thus, entropy measurement is a way of distinguishing the past from ...
A 2011 study in Science estimated the world's technological capacity to store and communicate optimally compressed information normalised on the most effective compression algorithms available in the year 2007, therefore estimating the entropy of the technologically available sources. [50]
In recent years, the thermodynamic interpretation of evolution in relation to entropy has begun to use the concept of the Gibbs free energy, rather than entropy. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] This is because biological processes on Earth take place at roughly constant temperature and pressure, a situation in which the Gibbs free energy is an especially useful ...
In recent years, to interpret the concept of entropy, ... Similarly, in 1882 Hermann von Helmholtz used the word "Unordnung" (disorder) to describe entropy. [3]
Later, in 1865, Clausius would come to define "equivalence-value" as entropy. On the heels of this definition, that same year, the most famous version of the second law was read in a presentation at the Philosophical Society of Zurich on April 24, in which, in the end of his presentation, Clausius concludes:
Rudolf Clausius - originator of the concept of "entropy". In his 1854 memoir, Clausius first develops the concepts of interior work, i.e. that "which the atoms of the body exert upon each other", and exterior work, i.e. that "which arise from foreign influences [to] which the body may be exposed", which may act on a working body of fluid or gas, typically functioning to work a piston.
In 2000, Moorman and JS Richman introduced sample entropy as a measure of complexity in dynamical systems. [14] This method has been successfully used to test for non-linear dynamics and temporal predictability in many systems. [15] [16] [17] In 2011, he and DE Lake developed the coefficient of sample entropy for use in detecting atrial ...
The same is true for its entropy, so the entropy increase S 2 − S 1 of our system after one cycle is given by the reduction of entropy of the hot source and the increase of the cold sink. The entropy increase of the total system S 2 - S 1 is equal to the entropy production S i due to irreversible processes in the engine so