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Egyptian faience is a non-clay based ceramic composed of crushed quartz or sand, with small amounts of calcite lime and a mixture of alkalis, displaying surface vitrification due to the soda lime silica glaze often containing copper pigments to create a bright blue-green luster. [7]
Egyptian faience pottery (as opposed to modern faience) was made from fired earthenware colored with a glaze. The art style was popular in the Third Intermediate Period (c. 1069 BC – c. 664 BC) of Egyptian history. Blue-green, the most popular color used on the earthenware, was achieved through the use of a quartz and calcite lime-based glaze ...
An important classification system for Egyptian pottery is the Vienna system, which was developed by Dorothea Arnold, Manfred Bietak, Janine Bourriau, Helen and Jean Jacquet, and Hans-Åke Nordström at a meeting in Vienna in 1980. Seriation of Egyptian pottery has proven useful for the relative chronology of ancient Egypt.
Blue faience saucer and stand, New Kingdom (1400–1325 BC) Egyptian blue is closely related to the other vitreous materials produced by the ancient Egyptians, namely glass and Egyptian faience, and it is possible that the Egyptians did not employ separate terms to distinguish the three products from one another. [9]
Related to glass insofar as it attains a "vitreous" appearance, Egyptian faience was, according to David F. Grose, "a material made from powdered quartz covered with a true vitreous coating." Significantly more porous and malleable than glass proper, faience could be shaped by hand or cast in molds to create vessels or other objects. [4]
A parting and contraction of the glaze on the surface of ceramic ware during drying or firing, resulting in unglazed areas bordered by coalesced glaze. May be caused by uneven glazing, excessive glaze thickness or a greasy substrate. [8] Crazing A glaze fault characterised by the cracking of fired glazes and due to high tensile stresses.
Faience pectoral scarab with spread wings and bead net, Royal Pump Room, Harrogate Scarabs were typically carved or molded in the form of a scarab beetle (usually identified as Scarabaeus sacer) with varying degrees of naturalism but usually at least indicating the head, wing case and legs but with a flat base.
Glazed Egyptian faience dates to the third millennium BCE), with painted but unglazed pottery used even earlier during the predynastic Naqada culture. Faience became sophisticated and produced on a large scale, using moulds as well modelling, and later also throwing on the wheel. Several methods of glazing were developed, but colours remained ...