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A river anticline is a geologic structure that is formed by the focused uplift of rock caused by high erosion rates from large rivers relative to the surrounding areas. [1] An anticline is a fold that is concave down, whose limbs are dipping away from its axis, and whose oldest units are in the middle of the fold. [ 2 ]
The fold is around 35 kilometres (22 mi) long, running from north of Michelmersh near the River Test to East Meon in the valley of the River Meon. In the Winchester area the core of the anticline has been eroded to expose the older Cenomanian Zig Zag Chalk formation in Chilcomb and Bar End (the 'Lower chalk').
Formation of a river anticline by river erosion and the associated isostatic rebound. As the river erodes the overlying material, the underlying rocks will rebound up, like a block in water if you remove a weight from on top of it, forming an antiformal structure. (Image created by Michael Stevens)
In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is the location where the curvature is greatest, and the limbs are the sides of the fold that dip away from the hinge.
Chickies Rock, at the west end overlooking the river, is the largest exposed anticline on the East Coast. [2] According to the USGS, the summit of the ridge is 587 feet (179 m) above sea level. [3] Chickies Creek runs along the north side of the ridge towards the western end, while Jones Run runs along the south side towards the western end.
They intersect, often creating very complex fault patterns. These tend to be the most complex near the crest of the anticline. Often a collapse graben develops, controlled by localized extension over the outer arc of the culmination. Rollover structures are often associated by large river deltas, and are favorable traps for hydrocarbons.
The Cave Mountain Anticline exposed as a cliff-face in Cave Mountain Gap. Eons ago — through a process known as "river piracy" or stream capture — the flow of the river was diverted cataclysmically from its old bed westward into what would eventually become the present Smoke Hole gorge through massive excavation and erosion. This likely ...
The existence of the same strata within the Weald basin which are the source rocks for the Wytch Farm oilfield in Dorset led to an interest in the petroleum potential of the Wealden anticline, with exploration taking place on Ashdown forest examining the Ashdown Anticline, a large structure over 30 km long x 7 km wide, located in the centre of ...