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Castor is the second-brightest object in the zodiac constellation of Gemini. It has the Bayer designation α Geminorum, which is Latinised to Alpha Geminorum and abbreviated Alpha Gem or α Gem. With an apparent visual magnitude of 1.58, it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky.
Size comparison of Pollux (left) and the Sun (right) At an apparent visual magnitude of 1.14, [28] Pollux is the brightest star in its constellation, even brighter than its neighbor Castor (α Geminorum). Pollux is 6.7 degrees north of the ecliptic, presently too far north to be occulted by the Moon. The last lunar occultation visible from ...
Castor [a] and Pollux [b] (or Polydeuces) [c] are twin half-brothers in Greek and Roman mythology, known together as the Dioscuri or Dioskouroi. [d]Their mother was Leda, but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of Tyndareus, the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of Zeus, who seduced Leda in the guise of a swan. [2]
It is also designated β Geminorum b (Latinized to Beta Geminorum b, abbreviated β Gem b) or HD 62509 b. If this planet exists, it has a minimum mass of about twice the mass of Jupiter , and it moves around Pollux in 1.61 years at a distance of 1.64 AU in a nearly circular orbit. [ 1 ]
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Rho Geminorum (ρ Gem) is a star system that lies 59 light-years away in the constellation of Gemini, about 5 degrees west of Castor.The system consists of a primary bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, a faint secondary which has rarely been observed even professionally, and a distant, somewhat bright tertiary which requires telescopic equipment for observation.
Castor's torso is represented by the star τ Gem, Castor's left hand by ι Gem (which he shares with Pollux), Castor's right hand by θ Gem; all three of these stars are of the fourth magnitude. Castor's pelvis is represented by the star ε Gem , Castor's left foot by ν Gem , and Castor's right foot by μ Gem and η Gem ; ε, μ, and η Gem ...
A visual band light curve for the 1979-1980 eclipse of Eta Geminorum [22] In 1865, Julius Schmidt first reported that η Geminorum was a variable star. The light variations were described by Schmidt and other observers as having long maxima of constant brightness, minima of greatly varying size and shape, and a period around 231 days. [23]