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A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node – a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.
Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers.
The group of units of a topological ring is a topological group when endowed with the topology coming from the embedding of into the product as (,). However, if the unit group is endowed with the subspace topology as a subspace of , it may not be a topological group, because inversion on need not be continuous with respect to the subspace topology.
A ring link is bounded by two adjacent Ethernet Ring Nodes, and a port for a ring link is called a ring port. The minimum number of Ethernet Ring Nodes in an Ethernet Ring is three. [1] The fundamentals of this ring protection switching architecture are: The principle of loop avoidance.
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, the cohomology ring of a topological space X is a ring formed from the cohomology groups of X together with the cup product serving as the ring multiplication. Here 'cohomology' is usually understood as singular cohomology, but the ring structure is also present in other theories such as de Rham ...
In mathematics, a highly structured ring spectrum or -ring is an object in homotopy theory encoding a refinement of a multiplicative structure on a cohomology theory. A commutative version of an A ∞ {\displaystyle A_{\infty }} -ring is called an E ∞ {\displaystyle E_{\infty }} -ring.
By convention, a ring has the multiplicative identity. But some authors do not require a ring to have the multiplicative identity; i.e., for them, a ring is a rng. For a rng R, a left ideal I is a subrng with the additional property that is in I for every and every . (Right and two-sided ideals are defined similarly.)
The voltage at a subscriber's network interface is typically 48 V between the ring and tip wires, with tip near ground (slightly negative relative to ground) and ring at −48 V relative to tip. In the middle 20th century, long loops in many rural areas of North America used range extenders, which operated at 100 or 130 volts to ensure reliable ...