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Plot of the logarithmic integral function li(z) in the complex plane from -2-2i to 2+2i with colors created with Mathematica 13.1 function ComplexPlot3D. In mathematics, the logarithmic integral function or integral logarithm li(x) is a special function. It is relevant in problems of physics and has number theoretic significance.
For a complete list of integral functions, see list of integrals. Note: x > 0 is assumed throughout this article, and the constant of integration is omitted for simplicity. Integrals involving only logarithmic functions
For example, two numbers can be multiplied just by using a logarithm table and adding. These are often known as logarithmic properties, which are documented in the table below. [2] The first three operations below assume that x = b c and/or y = b d, so that log b (x) = c and log b (y) = d. Derivations also use the log definitions x = b log b (x ...
Integration is the basic operation in integral calculus.While differentiation has straightforward rules by which the derivative of a complicated function can be found by differentiating its simpler component functions, integration does not, so tables of known integrals are often useful.
The last expression is the logarithmic mean. = ( >) = (>) (the Gaussian integral) = (>) = (, >) (+) = (>)(+ +) = (>)= (>) (see Integral of a Gaussian function
In mathematics, the definite integral ∫ a b f ( x ) d x {\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx} is the area of the region in the xy -plane bounded by the graph of f , the x -axis, and the lines x = a and x = b , such that area above the x -axis adds to the total, and that below the x -axis subtracts from the total.
In mathematics, Frullani integrals are a specific type of improper integral named after the Italian mathematician Giuliano Frullani.The integrals are of the form ()where is a function defined for all non-negative real numbers that has a limit at , which we denote by ().
Integrands of the form (A + B x) (a + b x) m (c + d x) n (e + f x) p [ edit ] The resulting integrands are of the same form as the original integrand, so these reduction formulas can be repeatedly applied to drive the exponents m , n and p toward 0.