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Francoist ideology held that biologically, women did not have the same intellectual capacity as men. This belief was used to justify discrimination against women. [1] The Franco period represented an end of a period of innovation and revolutionary reforms in Spanish society, which impacted many areas including education. [2]
Francoist Spain was a quasi-fascist state whose ideology rejected what it considered the inorganic democracy of the Second Republic. It was an embrace of organic democracy, defined as a reassertion of traditional Spanish Roman Catholic values that served as a counterpoint to the Communism of the Soviet Union during the same period.
The liberal women's Catholic organization's purpose was end discrimination in education and prepare women to enter the wider Spanish society as members of the workforce, and had connections to 1960s and 1970s Spanish Women's Movement thanks to members like María, Condesa de Campo Alange.
Francoist Spain was a pseudo-fascist state whose ideology rejected what it considered the inorganic democracy of the Second Republic. It was an embrace of organic democracy, defined as a reassertion of traditional Spanish Roman Catholic values that served as a counterpoint to the Communism of the Soviet Union during the same period.
The final drawing up of the Spanish constitution had no women involved in the process. The only woman involved in the 39-member commission that debated the constitutional process was UGT's María Teresa Revilla. [37] [39] Revilla said of the process, "The Constitution was a fundamental and decisive leap for women in Spain. From there, the ...
Gender roles in Francoist Spain became more regressive following the end of the Spanish Civil War. Women, who had achieved some degree of liberation during the Second Republic, were forced back into the home. Misogyny and heteronormativity became linchpins in the new fascist Spain, underpinned by Hispanic eugenics.
The informal term "Fascist Spain" is also used, especially before and during World War II. The nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over ...
These women joined clandestine political organizations and trade unions. Women also stopped becoming nuns, with a 30% decrease in the number of women in convents from the previous decade. [25] In 1970, 2 million units of the pill were sold in Spain. [26] The 1970 Education Act guaranteed a free education for all Spanish citizens. [27]