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Syphilis is an STI caused by a bacterium. Untreated, it can lead to complications and death. [67] Clinical manifestations of syphilis include the ulceration of the uro-genital tract, mouth or rectum; if left untreated the symptoms worsen.
Untreated gonorrhea can lead to major complications, such as: Infertility in women. Gonorrhea can spread into the uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can result in scarring of the tubes, greater risk of pregnancy complications and infertility, and can be fatal, particularly in the immunocompromised.
Syphilis (/ ˈ s ɪ f ə l ɪ s /) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. [1] The signs and symptoms depend on the stage it presents: primary, secondary, latent or tertiary.
Untreated infection in women may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and possible infertility due to the resulting scarring. [11] Gonorrhoea is diagnosed through cultures , Gram staining , or nucleic acid tests (i.e. polymerase chain reaction ) of urine samples, urethral swabs, or cervical swabs.
If left untreated, chlamydia in men can spread to the testicles causing epididymitis, which in rare cases can lead to sterility if not treated. [15] Chlamydia is also a potential cause of prostatic inflammation in men, although the exact relevance in prostatitis is difficult to ascertain due to possible contamination from urethritis.
The presence of one or multiple trichomonads constitutes a positive result. This method is cheap but has a low sensitivity (60–70%) often due to an inadequate sample, resulting in false negatives. [18] [19] The second diagnostic method is culture, which has historically been the "gold standard" in infectious disease diagnosis.
Further, a single dose of azithromycin can lead to the bacteria becoming resistant to azithromycin. [48] Among Swedish patients, doxycycline was shown to be relatively ineffective (with a cure rate of 48% for women and 38% for men); and treatment with a single dose of azithromycin is not prescribed due to it inducing antimicrobial resistance.
Yaws is not sexually transmitted, and occurs in tropical, humid environments of Africa, Pacific Islands, Asia and South America. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] Unlike syphilis, which displays vertical transmission , one strain of T. p. pertenue researched was not vertically transmissible in a guinea pig model, and yaws cannot be spread from mother to offspring.